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Monica Jat ¹, Narayan Lal Dangi ², K. V. Nagarjuna Reddy ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313004, Rajasthan, IN
3 Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur 492006, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of YST (yellow sticky trap) and BST (blue sticky trap) in monitoring the leaf miners Liriomyza trifolii and Tuta absoluta on tomato under protected cultivation. The efficacy of insecticides viz., acephate 75SP, acetamiprid 20SP, diafenthiuron 50WP, spiromesifen 22.9SC, Beauveria bassiana @ 4g/ l and neem oil @ 10ml/ l including untreated control were also evaluated along with. The maximum trap catches (11.25/ trap) of T. absoluta was observed during 39th standard meteorological week (SMW), and with L. trifolii, it was (8.25/ trap) during 37th SMW in YST. Among the insecticides, acephate 75SP was highly effective with 59.50% reduction in incidence.

Keywords

Liriomyza trifolii, Tuta absoluta, acephate, acetamiprid, diafenthiuron, spiromesifen, Beauveria bassiana, neem oil, yellow and blue sticky trap, yellow par trap, blue par trap, trap catches, standard meteorological week

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Monica Jat ¹, Pynhunlin Nola Kharkrang Dohling ¹, Amit Ahuja ², Jagmohan Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN
2 Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN
3 Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN

Abstract

The livelihood of the entire population and the existence of farming communities is solely dependent on agriculture. Fertility of the soil is governed by its texture and diversified fauna present in the soil medium. Various agricultural inputs are applied with the eventual aim to achieve the highest productivity whereas hazardous effects on soil microorganisms are often ignored. Pesticides are noxious chemicals used to mitigate crop losses incurred by nematodes, insects, weeds, mites, and pathogens. Fungicides modify the fungi communities accountable for the nutrient recycling in the soil, especially copper-based fungicides which cause harmful effects on earthworms. The continuous use of herbicides indirectly reduces the associated arthropod communities. Insecticides cause toxic effects on most of the lower soil invertebrates and cause negative impact on their growth and development and alter the trophic structure in their habitats. Buildup of synthetic pesticides in the soil cause many sublethal effects on the existing natural fauna and affects their survival. However, pesticides help in diminishing the quantitative losses caused by pests and enhance the agricultural productivity, but consequently the cost of enhanced productivity is compensated by the Earth’s ecosystems. This review provides insight into the effects of pesticides on the soil health.

Keywords

Ecosystem Services, Communities, Insects, Nematodes, Weeds, Mites, Pathogens, Pesticides, Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Nematicides.

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